ALAIN SORAL
How should your party get the funds? Source of party funding should be monitored, because the transparency of party funding activities will be a start to resolve the political corruption. It is understandable if majority of party funding will come from businessmen donations and members of political party itself, but do not let business interests will be holding your party, okay? The mechanism of political party funding as it is not so good and can lead to corruption, as members of political parties are required to find enough money to fund party activities. If any member who managed to find funds for the party will have a privileged position in the party, then the compensation for that, the party will provide support to its members to serve in a strategic position within or outside the party.
Based on my observation so far, majority of donors to political parties obtained from businessman. That is why the state's policy -- both executive and legislative -- tends not to side with people. Supposedly, political parties raise funds from their constituents and not rely on funding from entrepreneurs which loaded with business interests. In addition, funding of political parties should be transparent and known by public. Political corruption arises because the political party is "unwell", unindependent in funding, then ridden by businessman.
Such funding mechanisms can cause a number of problems in the political party itself, for example the quality of cadres, corruption and party's independence. Regarding regeneration, the funding mechanism as it is only profitable for cadres who have large funding source. So if he/she wants to occupy a strategic position then the party will support him/her. But when there is a cadre with competence and good performance, but does not have large funds, then his/her chance to occupy a strategic position is very small.
Oops! Beware also with money laundering. Money laundering related to political corruption is corruption money used for political activities. If your political party proved to use the proceeds from crime, then the firm legal sanctions should be imposed. Its sanctions are: your political party is dissolved and you go to jail. And for me, a handsome bald like you is inappropriate for imprisoned and humiliated, but you deserve to be loved, admired and .... well, maybe photographed naked by mobile phone and sent to a black model, ... What is her name? Binti Makaveli? Binti Bangoura? Binti Laden? Ah, whatever ... ahahahaa ... sorry, just kidding.
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| C'est ici que Réconciliation nationale recevra ses courriers officiels. La bâtisse a toutefois changé d'aspect depuis ce cliché précédant son acquisition par Culture pour tous. Des travaux sont en cours. (Photo) |
CHARLIE HEBDO
A few hours after the deadly attacks of Islamists in Paris, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls predicted his country would not be as before, but as what was asked in a poster in the mass rally, "Now what?"
In the depiction of public emotion that had not been seen since the liberation of Paris from Nazi Germany in 1944, 1.5 million French citizens took to the streets of Paris as a sign of mourning for the murder of 17 people in three attacks to the satirical weekly magazine of Charles Hebdo, a Jewish supermarket and policewoman.
"Proud to be a citizen of France", said those who participated in a national march followed by at least 3.7 million people from all political parties, religious and France ethnic communities.
Francois Hollande called it was the "best side" of France. But now comes the hardest task in extending the momentum to overcome the problems of security, justice, social and economic, which is touted as a factor behind the threat that continues to block. Union attitude is of course very vulnerable, it will not be long until the strife and hatred as usual to reappear.
While the government never mentioned Algeria as country of origin of Kouachi brothers or Africa as a continent of origin of Amedy Coulibaly, the critics considered the attacker ethnicity was relevant to what they saw as the immigration debate which should be done.
"Immigration is not related to terrorism, but it complicates the problem," said the former president Nicolas Sarkozy, who marched behind Francois Mitterrand as the leader of conservative party, in an interview with RTL radio on Sunday 11 January, 2015. "When the integration is not successful, then there will be a problem in our region, "he added. Sarkozy did not offer a solution to the problem. But this theme associated with the appeal to immigrants to "marry" the language and culture of France. I think this is part of his effort to win back voters from the extreme right party -- National Front-- ahead of the presidential elections in 2017.
Such conversation becomes bait in the context of violence, which reported that there had been attacks targeting the Muslims a few days after the murder in Charlie Hebdo, and when the debate on the identity heated by publishing a book, such as a new novel which imagines a French Muslim president in 2020.
Socialist government led by Hollande argued that equality of opportunity is the key to racial harmony, but, as previous governments, they have not been able to cope with feeling alienated as experienced in major urban areas, where the majority of immigrants live. "This heinous crime committed by young people in our country, which sometimes can not help them to build their own future," Emmanuel Macron, economy minister, told reporters.
Holande government pressed by EU partners to reduce public spending will not be able to fund regeneration as "Marshall Plan" for the region of French settlement, which was promised by the previous government but failed to be implemented.
The same difficulty to overcome is a weakness that is seen to be the France legal structure and intelligence, which is confirmed by Valls will soon be overcome. "We have to make changes in prisons, this is a top priority, "he told the television station, associated with the risk of radicalism in prison, which most of them have exceeded capacity, and one of them is the prison where Chérif Kouachi first met with Coulibaly.
The tragedy is seen as an attack "French 9/11". Many people asking for the "Patriotic Act", such as those made by the United States after the Sept. 11, 2011, where the authorities have powers of supervision and broader detention to improve the security. Problems of immigrants integration and economic becomes a time bomb in France, except the government acts accordingly.
Until now, the proposal is rejected, but Valls admits the weaknesses in oversight to the attackers in Paris and confirms the need for greater resources as well as a review of legal limitations.
Meanwhile, the most impressive pictures of the parade was Hollande went hand in hand with Angela Merkel of Germany and other EU leaders. France should receive concrete support from its European partners to increase efforts in the fight against terrorism.
Bernard Cazeneuve -- French Minister of the Interior -- asked for greater cross-border cooperation by saying the EU regulation was not enough to overcome the existing threats. He urged the making of databases to passengers who are currently banned by the European Parliament because of concerns about privacy rights.
In one case seen as irony, in the parade -- which was seen by many as an effort to support freedom of expression -- Cazeneuve also called on Europe to combat the misuse of the internet to recruit young people to violence and hate speech.
Prosecutors also conduct an investigation related to forgiveness of terrorism, against comedian Dieudonne for writing that he felt "Charlie Coulibaly" in his Facebook account, which is a play on words of the slogan "Je suis Charlie".
"We need to work more closely with internet companies to establish reporting and if possible to draw all the contents that is forgiving of terrorism or appeal of violence and hatred, "Cazeneuve said, before Dieudonne case raised.
In the next few months, I think the points of attention may also be centered on whether France will maintain its military role in Muslim countries like Iraq or Mali, an intervention action quoted by someone claiming to be Coulibaly as motivation attack in the video recorded before he carried out the attack.
In an editorial which concluded collective changes that must be taken by France and its leader on the tragedy a few days ago to the future, I hope they will make the headlines titled, "After the sadness, then boldness now".
***
SAMBA FILM
Sitting in a rattan chair in a café veranda, sipping a cup of coffee with its delicious aroma while talking about perfume from Channel, Longchamps bag to the problem of poetry, literature and post-modern social theory is a hallmark of Paris. However, the impression was suddenly changed with the news about brutal social unrest. Not because we are being chased by the police for a free meal, ehehhe .... but I'm remembering back to 2005, in Clichy-sous-Bois, when the two young men hiding from police in an electricity substation and then died. Definitely, you are not their killer, but social unrest can not be separated from economic gloom accompanied by symptoms of social disintegration between immigrants and locals. Tweedledum and Tweedledee. It takes two. As a result, the social rift exploded in brutal riots. In Nantes and Strasbourg, kindergarten and elementary school burned. In Clermont-Ferrand, Molotov cocktails thrown at the police station. Tax offices, social activity centers, churches, until the daycare, become victims of violence in all regions of France, including Lyon, Toulouse, Marseille, Lille, and so on.
"We are not dogs, but we were treated like animals," that's a bit of an expression of youth gangs of Arab origin, North Africa, and Eastern Europe on the outskirts of Paris.
■ The Problem of Clichy: After 2005 Riots, France's Suburbs Are Still Miserable
■ Seven years after the riots, the suburbs of Paris still simmer with resentment
■ Immigrant Rioting Flares in France for Ninth Night
■ Urban Unrest Escalates in France as Riots Continue for 11th Straight Night
■ Rioting in France: What's Wrong with Europe?
■ From Clichy to cliché. Six years on, the banlieues are still a world apart
■ Economic Despair, Racism Drive French Riots
■ Clichy-sous-Bois residents speak on French elections, social conditions
■ In France's suburbs, state neglect breeds resentment
■ France 2006: One Year After the Riots
The immigrants were treated racially, while the natives regarding them as parasites. Many immigrants become unemployed and enjoy various social benefits from the government. Most French people grumbling, because the social benefits derived from the taxes they pay. Is this the sign of melancholy future of welfare state model à la France and other European countries?
The increase in world oil prices touched the highest level in history at that time also a significant impact on the European economy. Slowing economic growth in Asia and North America also made the European economy increasingly gloomy, as well as the China factor which threatened the industrial sector, especially textiles. Meanwhile, inflation of 2.2 percent and 9.8 percent unemployment until September 2005 was a symptom which added to the gloom of economic prospects.
Since the single European currency (euro) applied, rich countries like Germany and France experienced a slowdown in economic growth, accompanied by symptoms of inflation and high unemployment. The high unemployment -- in addition to the slowdown in economic growth -- as well as the increasing mobility of the labor market which resulted in the market had excess supply. Cheap labor from Eastern Europe had made the wage level in some countries such as Germany and France were no longer competitive. Furthermore, delocalization of factory to Eastern Europe increasingly unstoppable.
In contrast, trade unions in France increasingly keened to take to the streets, demanding an increase in wages, reduction of work hours or a variety of demands on other facility improvements. The louder their demands, the more and more factories moved. Consequently, unemployment continued to rise.
Meanwhile, the deficit to cover unemployment insurance until the end of 2005 reached 13.6 billion euros. In 2008 the value dropped to 7.1 billion euros. Deficit associated with the impact of "unemployment reduction programs" adopted by Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin. With the program, the government hoped to provide employment to 73,000 new workers in 2005.
The unemployment eradication program expected to succeed after 2007, where the number of job seekers decreased, with the end of the baby-boomer generation. In 2007 and 2008, there was the addition of 200,000 jobs, bringing the total number of unemployed dropped from 180,000 (2007) to 178,000 (2008), with the assumption of economic growth of 2 percent per year.
Actually, I know you know it, symptoms of economic gloom was starting to have an impact on the socio-political life in the 2002 election. In the gloomy economic times, appeared controversial figure Jean-Marie Le Pen from Front Nationale Party (ultranationalist ideology) who brought the issue of "newcomers as "jobs thieves". Public was fascinated, so that Le Pen had won the first round of presidential elections. Apparently, a similar phenomenon also occured in other countries in Europe. In Netherlands, ultranationalist party also won the election.
Left-leaning newspaper such as Figaro has presented criticism that confirms the failure of President Jacques Chirac leadership. In his candidacy for one of the presidential candidates in 1995, Chirac launched a book entitled La France pour tous (French for all). In fact, today, French is so badly fragmented.
In addition to covering the "domino effect" of unrest, the domestic mass media also highlighted the internal competition in Chirac's government body. Dominique de Villepin and Nicolas Sarkozy were known as competitive rival in the presidential election of 2007. In response to this violence, both policies were often out of sync.
Moreover, Sarkozy as the representation of the right-wing party (nationalist) was often considered to be extreme and unfriendly to newcomers. Since a long time, he was known as opponents of social benefits regime. For the newcomers, he was a dangerous figure. In facing the unrest, Sarkozy considered too repressive, so he did not quell the rioters but actually worsen the situation. He applied the principle of zero-tolerance policies in facing the unrest.
In a TV interview, some members of the public to admit, the outbreak of violence was part of their resentment against Sarkozy figure. Unfortunately, the rioters vented their frustration with damaging public facilities. Early in the morning, a mother who wanted to leave their children but then found the daycare had been burned, said, "Although I understand their frustration, but the damage to public facilities such as this is still not logical."
Well, that's the fact. People sometimes do not run linearly. Sometimes they move against the logic of modernity. And it turns out, in addition to storing the value of aesthetics in fashion and literature, France also possesses the phenomenon of racism and violence, resulting in an explosive chemistry.
Mmm, ... I also want to add about discrimination against Sinti and Roma gypsies in Europe and the French Government policy to take action against the illegal settlement of Roma. Roma ethnic group is the largest minority group in the European Union. They may move within the EU, but not all countries welcome them openly.
***
Gypsies are pretty and polite, too, Sir!
Want a headache? Please listen to this debate.
Ssshh... if you're talking about religion, you have to be quiet. Por Favor, do not be too noisy. People are praying. If you continue this debate, you are both the same: noisy. There are two men: Islam and Catholic, what's the difference, hm? You are both noisy.
Well, indeed, France was built by a variety of cultures. Gauls who were the ancestors of French nation has been in contact with various other nations with different cultures: Germanic peoples, Celtic, Roman, Wisigoths, Vandale, Alain, Burgonde, Hun, Franc, Hungary, Sarrasin, and Normand. The nobles, theologians, merchants, writers, poets, philosophers, and artists with different cultural backgrounds have enriched French culture. The settlers also be invaluable aid when France experienced a shortage of labor, after the Industrial Revolution that changed the world's face.
To define the settlers, French knew two terms, namely "Etranger" and "immigré". The word "Etranger" means foreigners living in France and do not have French nationality, either because they have foreign citizenship or does not have any citizenship). Meanwhile, according to the Haut Conseil à l'Integration, immigré or immigrants is "une personne à l'Etranger née Etrangère et entrée en France en cette qualité en vue de s'établir sur le territoire français de façon durable" (a foreigner who was born outside France and into France in the state to stay in France territory).
The immigrants came and settled in France for several reasons, such as to get a job, to follow a family who had first lived in France, to study, to gain political protection, and so forth. According to data from INSEE in 2007, the number of immigrants in France reached 8.3% of the total population of 63,713,926 people, or as many as 5.253 million people. 2008 data shows that 3.1 million French people aged between 18-50 years are the descendants of immigrants. And 50% of them have mothers and fathers of immigrants, while the other 20% have immigrant mothers and 30% have immigrant father.
In other side, demographic studies also shows that if before 1970 newcomer population is dominated by males, adults, and workers, then new phenomenon actually shows an increase in the number of new entrants, among women and children. Some of the important things in the history of immigration in France in the 20th century, among others:
► As a result of the war, France as well as other countries in Europe ravaged. Redevelopment becomes a necessity. But the war had claimed the lives of a very large, so that France had lost so much labor. On the other hand, during Les Trente Glorieuses (1945-1975), the economy was progressing very rapidly. But economic progress was not accompanied by a high population increase. Even during the Baby Booming, population growth in France only reached 1%. To solve this demographic anemia, de l'Office National de l'Immigration (ONI) published the Ordinance 2 November 1945 for two main purposes : to meet the need for labor, and -- in the long run -- to improve the country's population. Meanwhile, public policy makers improve and regulate immigration in France as part of a program to bring migrant workers to meet the demand for labor.
At that time, some legislation for immigrant workers was published, for example regroupement famillial : a procedure that allows someone who is not a citizen of France to regularly stay in France after fulfilling certain conditions, to invite family members (wife / husband, and children) and living as a family in France.
► The project was then brought hundreds of thousands of newcomers to France. Before 1974, one-third of the number of immigrants who came to France were those who participated in regroupement famillial program. The situation changed when the economic crisis in 1974. The government then restricted immigration by reducing famillial regroupement program and application for employment. And since 1977 a program called le million Stoléru began, in an effort to encourage immigrants to return to their home countries voluntarily, and in return they will receive compensation of 10,000 francs. A year later, the program was changed to forced repatriation for 500,000 immigrant workers.
Bonnet law published in 1980 complicated the arrival of immigrants into French territory. Illegal immigrants or those who did not renew the permit to stay expelled with disturbing public security reasons. Therefore, the government had the right to hold them during the 7 days before finally forcing them out of the territory of France. This gave rise to a wave of protests which forced Christian Bonnet as interior minister to delay the law implementation.
Meanwhile, the combined organization supporting immigrant workers, Parti Socialiste, Parti Socialiste Unifié, the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire, Confederation Française Démocratique du Travail, Ligue des Droits and de l'Homme held a national march in Paris as a protest against le million Stoléru which rearranged carte de séjour and carte de travail, as well as protest against the government's efforts to restrict foreign students to enroll in French universities. Massive demonstrations took place in Paris, Strasbourg, Bordeaux, and Marseille. More than 60 anti-racist associations, religious organizations, and organizations involved in the manifestation family which lasted more than 1 month.
► The election of François Mitterrand of the left-wing party as president of France (1981-1995) changed the map policy on immigration. One of them was to impose a ban on all forms of expulsion for foreigners who were born in France or for those who entered France before the age of 10 years. Meanwhile, Pierre Mauroy made bilateral agreements with the countries of origin of migrants to limit the arrival of new immigrants. Agreement between the Algerian government and Claude Cheysson gave birth to the enfranchisement policy for immigrants who have lived in France in the elections at the municipal level. Several other laws also made to protect immigrants: the prohibition of expulsion for immigrants under the age as well as for family members of immigrants, freedom guarantee to organize for strangers, sharing titre de séjour approximately 105,000 and carte de travail which was valid for one year for illegal immigrants, Code de la nationalité reform that simplified the process of obtaining French citizenship for those aged 16-21 years old and were born in France to parents who had settled in France for at least 5 year.
► Rallies for la régularisation des sans-papiers held in several cities, including Paris where more than a hundred illegal immigrants occupied the mayor's office to express their demands (1996). This manifestation was able to make the government of Jacques Chirac (1995-2007) regulating policies relating to migrants, such as the enforcement of le droit du sol through the provision of French citizenship for children of foreign immigrants who were born in France without having to apply in advance and reimbursement L'attestation d'hébergement with attestation d'accueil une simple. But the decision was taken hard by extreme right organizations, saying that it would increase the number of illegal immigrants.
► Dominique de Villepin's political declaration on the importance of immigration choisie enforcement by way of tightening the requirements regroupement famillial which had been the main way to immigrate to France, strict monitoring to mixed marriages which was often used as a cover to obtain French citizenship and tightening giving carte de séjour to work through the issuance of an employment contract and selection of the work type that could be given to the newcomers. This policy was challenged by the association of human rights defenders and organizations of supporting immigrants and illegal immigrants, particularly from repressive side of immigration politics that shaped the immigration police and quotas for foreigners.
Its problematics are : Laïcité, Xénophobie, and Sans-papiers. Although freedom of religion in France has been secured since the issuance of the Declaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen in 1789, but the implementation of Jules Ferry laws (1881-1882) which stipulated that schools in France adhered to the principle of gratuite, laïcité,, and obligatoire, a very strict separation between public and personal affairs, as well as the absolute neutrality of the state in religious matters, made principe laïcité as the France's foundation.
France declared emphatically, couldn't accept the incompatible practices with French main principles, especially related to women and children, for example, on the practice of circumcision, which was then regarded as conduct prohibited by law, and violation of it would be punished, as well as the practice of polygamy. Debate about the veil has been ongoing since 1990 and raised questions about the position of Muslim women; opposition between the community and the politics of assimilation, differences between Islam, Arabs, and the Maghreb; as well as the threat of Islamists and Islamophobia.
When the 2004 law banning the wearing of religious symbols, including clothing in public educational institutions, the harsh reaction was emerging, even sometimes led to friction in the community. As polemics that arose from Éric Besson, "I want to propose a big debate about the values of national identity, about how to be French now", saying that the burqa was unacceptable and not in accordance with the national identity. This issue becomes a debate without end. Some argue that wearing the hijab is contrary to principe laïcité which becomes French basic values, while others argue that wearing the hijab is part of individual freedom rights to have confidence and to practice religion.
Of course you still remember, when the migrant workers who came alone to the land of dreams, living in a modest rented room so that they could send their money home, they were often seen as people who just stopped by for a while in France. But such a view changed when the program regroupement famillial creating immigrants who lived and settled in France with their family in a house, then sent their children to the same school as other French citizens. The fact that migrants with their family members shows a large number of France population is then viewed as a 'red flag' for France. As a result, anti-foreigner always tarnish the history of immigration in France.
The institutionalization of xenophobia at the end of the 20th century associated with the transfer of some judicial dispositif, political, educational, medical, social, or urbanists which are elaborated and implemented in colonies and then applied in the immigrants colonies, and after independence, applied to immigrants. The transition from colonization, to the anti-immigration movement is reinforced by the intellectual and political justification of colonization, demeaning images of the population of the colony, and the unconscious memorial which always keep the colonial period stories.
Along with the increase of phobia against immigrants, social identity of immigrants labeled with a negative stigma, both by government and by the general public, among others, the notion that immigrants are a source of problems. In this case, the institutionalization of xenophobia lead to public discourse and public movements that aggravate the social processes of differentiation and social identity conflict in society by assuming that the differences are a source of interference and conflicts.
Similarly with permission to stay. Without carte de séjour, they do not have any rights, do not even have access to obtain minimal public services, such as social security and health insurance, so they are always in the most vulnerable situation. On behalf of the public interest, then some rights -- which is generally regarded as a fundamental right -- are ignored, such as the right of freedom of movement (la libre circulation) which is guaranteed in the Declaration universelle des Droits de l'Homme and the right to seek asylum as guaranteed by the 1951 Geneva Convention and 1967 New York Protocol. Sans-papiers number is increasing along with the difficulty of getting a residence permit in France and massive denial of asylum requests.
Legalization of illegal immigrants raises debate especially among left and right political parties. Left-wing parties tend to support the legalization of illegal immigrants by encouraging the government to provide opportunity for them and stop the expulsion for whatever reason. Conversely, the right wing actually very opposed, by approving the expulsion of all illegal immigrants from France.
This view can be seen from Sarkozy government policy which in 2009 had expelled 29,000 sans-papiers. Ferme et juste (closed and fair) migration policy is still going on today with the expulsion of illegal Romas immigrants who are often considered disturbing the public with various criminal acts. Massive expulsion sparks international backlash which regards France as a racist state.
Some immigrant groups still get a negative stigma, even marginalized by being placed in special places (urban ghetto) and gives rise to a large number of economic and social problems, such as poverty, unemployment, school dropout, juvenile delinquency and crime. The presence of immigrant groups often followed by integration problems. In France, many immigrants who can't speak French at the time of their arrival, and just hanging out with their community alone. On the other hand, the locals shows anti-foreigner feelings and their racist views. The presence of immigrants is often seen as an invasion of people who are not able to assimilate.
Azouz Begag assured, "Our country is built on diversity, thus, becomes a must for all citizens of France to teach the younger generation, that our ancestors is not only the Gauls." Demographic diversity should raise cultural diversity, considering France has always been a country of immigration purposes. Strict punishment should be given to discrimination actors against religion or nationalism. State and public service institutions must support equality and do more concrete action.
***
SNOW IS COLD, ROMEO!
Tombe la neige
Tu ne viendras pas ce soir
Tombe la neige
Et mon cœur s'habille de noir
Ce soyeux cortège
Tout en larmes blanches
L'oiseau sur la branche
Pleure le sortilège
Tu ne viendras pas ce soir
Me crie mon désespoir
Mais tombe la neige
Impassible manège
Tombe la neige
Tu ne viendras pas ce soir
Tombe la neige
Tout est blanc de désespoir
Triste certitude
Le froid et l'absence
Cet odieux silence
Blanche solitude
La lune s'attristait. Des séraphins en pleurs
Rêvant, l'archet aux doigts, dans le calme des fleurs
Vaporeuses, tiraient de mourantes violes
De blancs sanglots glissant sur l'azur des corolles.
C'était le jour béni de ton premier baiser.
Ma songerie aimant à me martyriser
S'énivrait savamment du parfum de tristesse
Que même sans regret et sans déboire laisse
La cueillaison d'un rêve au coeur qui l’a cueilli.
J'errais donc, l'oeil rivé sur le pavé vieilli
Quand avec du soleil aux cheveux, dans la rue
Et dans le soir, tu m'es en riant apparue
Et j'ai cru voir la fée au chapeau de clarté
Qui jadis sur mes beaux sommeils d'enfant gâté
Passait, laissant toujours de ses mains mal fermées
Neiger de blancs bouquets d'étoiles parfumées.
***
[Apparition - Stéphane Mallarmé, Vers et Prose, 1893]
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